Situación actual de la formación doctoral en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas / Current situation of doctoral training at the Medical Sciences University of Matanzas

RESUMEN Introducción: dentro de las formas organizativas de la formación académica se destaca el doctorado, regulado en la legislación del Sistema Nacional de Grados Científicos. A pesar de existir una estrategia actualizada de formación doctoral en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas y en el resto de las instituciones docente-asistenciales de la provincia, se gradúan pocos doctores. Objetivo: reflexionar sobre la situación actual de la formación doctoral en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una investigación diagnóstica con un enfoque cuanti-cualitativo del campo de la gestión universitaria. Se emplearon métodos teóricos como el análisis y la síntesis de la información y el sistémico estructural, y empíricos como revisión documental de diferentes informes, bases de datos y convenios. Resultados: más de la mitad de los doctores laboran en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas. Los de las carreras de la salud constituyen menos de la mitad, mientras que el perfil pedagógico ocupa el segundo lugar. La relación entre doctorado y categoría docente, maestría, categoría investigativa y segundo grado de especialidad con el grado científico es muy baja, y en ninguno de los casos rebasa el 5 %. En la cantera doctoral ocurre lo mismo. Conclusiones: la formación de doctores en Ciencias en determinadas áreas del conocimiento en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas, ha sido insuficiente a lo largo de los años, y en la actualidad continúa comprometida; sin embargo, la reorganización de la cantera doctoral y los convenios establecidos pueden ayudar a revertir la situación (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: the doctorate stands out within the organizational forms of academic training; it is regulated in the legislation of the National System of Scientific Degrees. Despite the existence of an updated doctoral training strategy in the Medical Sciences University of Matanzas and of the rest of the health care teaching institutions of the province, few science doctors are graduated. Objective: to reflect on the current situation of doctoral training at the Medical Sciences University of Matanzas. Materials and methods: a diagnostic research with a quantitative-qualitative approach was carried out in the field of university management. Theoretical methods like information analysis and synthesis were used, and also the systemic structural one and empirical like documental review of different reports, databases and agreements. Results: more than half of science doctors work in the Medical Sciences University of Matanzas. The science doctors of the health care specialties are less than half of them, while the pedagogical profile is on the second place. The relationship between doctorate and teaching category, masters' degree, research category, and second grade specialty to the scientific degree is very low, and in no case exceeds 5%. The same occurs in the doctoral reserve. Conclusions: the training of doctors of sciences in some fields of the knowledge has been inadequate in the Medical Sciences University of Matanzas for many years, and currently is still compromised; nevertheless, the organization of doctoral reserve and the established agreements can help to revert the situation (AU).

Desenvolvimento docente pós-COVID-19: mudanças ou troca de cenário? / Teacher development after COVID-19: changes or just a change of scenario?

Resumo: Introdução: O mundo tem milhões de infectados pelo SARS-CoV-2, e o desfio permanece em 2021, com a vacinação e o aparecimento das novas cepas. Este é um texto sobre reflexões de como a pandemia está mobilizando as escolas médicas e se as mudanças induzidas pela emergência sanitária nos paradigmas pedagógicos serão revertidas em mudanças culturais. Desenvolvimento: A experiência de confinamento tem sido emocionalmente rica, entremeada por desafios, mergulhos pedagógicos reflexivos e muito trabalho. Analisamos o confronto entre a pandemia e as escolas médicas, com ênfase nos questionamentos a respeito das adaptações e se serão revertidas em mudanças culturais. O desenvolvimento docente não tem sido priorizado nas instituições de educação médica, e a troca do presencial para o remoto não garante mudanças. Conclusão: O docente tem papel nuclear na formação de médicos com competência, ética e humanidade. É necessário avançar, para além do brilho da hiperconectividade, com a instalação de um fórum permanente sobre desenvolvimento docente.

Abstract: Introduction: Millions of people around the world are infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and the ongoing challenge in 2021 involves vaccination and the emergence of new strains. This text presents reflections on how the pandemic has mobilized medical schools, and whether the changes induced by the health emergency in our pedagogical paradigms will reverberate in cultural changes. Development: Self-isolation has proved to be an emotionally rich experience, pervaded by challenges, contemplative explorations in teaching, and a lot of work. We investigated how medical schools have tackled the pandemic, focusing on issues of the adaptations made and whether they will unfold into cultural changes. Teacher development has not been prioritized at medical schools, and the shift from the classroom to remote learning does not guarantee changes. Conclusion: The teacher plays a central role in the training of competent, ethical and humane physicians. It is necessary to move beyond the gloss of hyperconnectivity and install a permanent forum on teacher development.

Los desafíos en la formación de los futuros médicos / Challenges in the training of future doctors

En este artículo, el autor reflexiona sobre sobre el presente y el futuro de la educación médica en el contexto de las tecnologías de la información y de la convivencia de nuestro trabajo con los dispositivos de inteligencia artificial, de los nuevos contenidos de genética y neurociencias, del trabajo en equipo y de la necesaria resignifificación de los términos "cura" y "cuidado". Se pregunta además si estamos en condiciones de encarar dicho desafío y de estar a la altura de las necesidades educativas de las próximas (y la actual) generación/es de médicos. (AU)

In this article, the author reflects on the present and the future of medical education in the context of information technologies and the coexistence of our work with artificial intelligence devices, the new contents of genetics and neurosciences, about team work and the necessary resignification of the terms "cure" and "care". He also wonders if we are able to face this challenge and to deal with the educational needs of the next (and the current) generation/s of doctors. (AU)

Apreciación de los médicos residentes acerca de la supervisión de sus tareas por médicos mayores / Appreciation of resident doctors about the supervision of their tasks by senior doctors

Introducción. La educación en residencias médicas, tiene como objetivo el desarrollo de competencias. Para que esto ocurra los tutores deben reflexionar sobre su propia actividad docente. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer qué piensan los residentes del Servicio de Obstetricia del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires (HIBA) respecto de la supervisión que reciben. Material y métodos. Se realizó un cuestionario abierto no estandarizado sobre aspectos relevantes de la supervisión de los residentes. Las preguntas se enfocaron en la supervisión en general que reciben. Resultados. Se analizaron 14 cuestionarios. La supervisión en general, (11/14) fue considerada "adecuada", (refiriéndose a la posibilidad de consulta, supervisión constante en cirugías y buen clima de aprendizaje). Observaron falencias en la supervisión en guardia (5/14). Perciben un buen equilibrio entre autonomía alcanzada y la posibilidad de consulta. Sobre las devoluciones, todos consideran que deben ser oportunas (cercanas a la situación que está siendo evaluada), y destacan que no siempre es así (6/14). Las evaluaciones formativas son consideradas suficientes para valorar el desempeño de los residentes (8/14). La mayoría (9/14) proponen actividades de simulación y talleres de casos clínicos y temas básicos de obstetricia (5/14). Comentarios. La realización de este cuestionario permitió conocer la opinión de los residentes sobre aspectos relevantes de la enseñanza clínica y de la supervisión que reciben. Los resultados muestran que la supervisión en general ha sido considerada como positiva y que existe un buen clima de aprendizaje. (AU)

Introduction. The ultimate goal of medical education during residency is skill development. In order for this to occur, tutors must often reflect on their own teaching activity and experiences. The aim of this study was to evaluate how the residents of the Obstetrics Department of the Hospital Italiano of Buenos Aires (HIBA) perceive the supervision they receive from their elder staff. Materials and Methods. We developed an open non-standardized questionnaire detailing relevant aspects of resident supervision. The questions were specifically oriented towards the global aspects of the supervision process. Results. Fourteen questionnaires were analyzed. In general, 11 out of 14 described their supervision as "adequate" in terms of availability of advisory and consultation opportunities, constant supervision during surgical procedures and an encouraging learning environment. Several weaknesses were observed regarding supervision during active call duty (5/14). In general, a favorable balance is noted between resident autonomy and senior availability for consult. With regards to feedback, they all concur in saying that timing is key (ideally feedback should be offered in close proximity to the activity that is being supervised) and point out that this is not always the case (6/14). Formative assessments are globally considered adequate for resident evaluation (8/14). Most surveys suggest use of simulation activities and clinical case workshops regarding basic obstetric practice scenarios (9/14). Comments. The development of this questionnaire has given us great insight towards our residents' thoughts regarding clinical teaching and supervision. Results show that supervision is in general regarded as a positive experience and the learning environment is perceived as pleasant and nurturing. (AU)